Optimus Maximus keyboard

The Optimus Maximus keyboard, previously just "Optimus keyboard", is a keyboard developed by the Art. Lebedev Studio, a Russian design studio headed by Artemy Lebedev. Each of its keys is a display which can dynamically change to adapt to the keyboard layout in use or to show the function of the key. Pre-orders began on May 20, 2007 for a limited production run from December 2007 to January 2008, with a second batch expected to arrive in February 2008. It first started shipping the week of February 21, 2008.

Overview

Photoshop layout (Mac, prototype rendering)

Quake III Arena layout. The production model uses the same 48x48 display for all keys including the space bar, unlike this rendering.

The design featured on the studio's website received attention on the web when it was featured on Slashdot on July 14, 2005, and afterwards for a few weeks on other technology websites. The original release date was "end of 2006", however production issues caused the Optimus mini three to be developed first, with the full keyboard delayed until the end of 2007. The keyboard was number 10 in the Wired Magazine 2006 Vaporware Awards and number 4 on the list in 2007 due to its numerous delays and feature reductions.
The Optimus allows for greater user interaction, by dynamically displaying the current function of the keys. For example, when the user presses the shift key, the pictures would change to upper-case versions. It would also make switching between different keyboard layouts (such as English and Cyrillic) rapid, and could make the switch to alternative layouts such as Dvorak easier for people who only have a QWERTY keyboard with no possibility of rearranging the keys. To demonstrate this concept, there are computer renderings showing example layouts for Quake III Arena and Adobe Photoshop.
A patent application filed on March 13, 2007 suggests that Apple Inc. may be working on a similar dynamically changeable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) keyboard.

Optimus mini three

Art. Lebedev Studio has released a smaller three-key version of their keyboard, named Optimus mini three. Each of the keys is larger than a standard key. The mini three can be adjusted, through the configuration software, to either a horizontal or vertical orientation.
Initial reviews have been mixed. The keyboard functions as advertised, but it has been criticized for inordinately high CPU usage, slow response time, and buggy configuration software.

Optimus Aux

On July 21, 2008, Engadget posted about a new version of the keyboard, named Optimus Pultius. It features 15 OLED keys in a three-by-five arrangement and a USB port. It was expected to be released in late 2008 or early 2009.On September 19, 2008, Engadget also reported that the Pultius had been renamed to the Aux and included a new rendering of the rear side showing that there would be two USB ports instead of one.

Production schedule 

Some reports indicate that the keyboards started shipping on February 21, 2008.

Variations

Variations with fewer OLED keys will also be available, each upgradeable by replacing static keys with OLED keys after purchase. For keyboards with less than a full complement of OLED "active keys", additional keys can be purchased and installed.

Optimus Popularis

As of 2014, the existing models in the Optimus range have been discontinued. In their place is the "Optimus Popularis" model which uses a single large LCD screen under the transparent keyboard instead of individual OLED displays for each key.

Similar keyboards

The patent for this "Display Keyboard" (U.S. Patent 5,818,361, filed 1996, published 1998) is held by inventor Elkin Acevedo.However, the first programmable LCD keyboard was developed in the mid-1980s in Germany. This keyboard, sold under the LCBoard name in the U.S. until 1999, contained many of the features of the Optimus keyboard including monochrome graphic icons on each keyboard key, macro programming, context sensitive and application dependent switching between functions. S. Bigbie et. al. published related ideas in an IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin (Vol. 21 No. 2 July 1978) , as did Alan Bagley of Hewlett-Packard in (U.S. Patent 4,078,257).
E Ink technology has been used in a product by Sonder Design.
A concept design using E Ink technology was created by Maxim Mezentsev and Aleksander Suhih in 2013. A similar design by Jaasta was also created in 2014 but was never built since they used Sonder Design's prior art.

Special features

Art. Lebedev Studio is expecting to manufacture the keyboard with these features:

• A plastic body (width: 537 mm, depth: 173 mm, height: 38 mm)
• Extra-durable polymer plastic keys (20.2×20.2 mm, visible area 10.1×10.1 mm)
• 48×48 pixel screens, Highcolor mode (65 536 colors, 10 frame/s)
• Organic light-emitting diode screen for keys
• USB 2.0 (or 1.1) connectivity
• 4-5 year lifetime
• A key-saver mode
• Support for animation on keys at 10 frame/s minimum
• Ability to form a mosaic using a combination of key images
• Compatibility with Windows XP, Windows Vista and Mac OS X 10.5.1 (and higher).
• An SDK for complete display customization
• Swappable keys and support for keys without displays
• 32 MB SD card for storing basic layouts
• Non-stop glow time at nominal brightness of 20,000 hours, after which display quality will diminish
• An ambient light sensor which can be used to automatically adjust display brightness
• A viewing angle of 160°

Project Ara

What is it?!!

Project Ara is the code name for an unnamed modular smartphone that is essentially a computer board with compatible modules. The platform will include a "endoskeletal" frame with modules of the owner's choice, such as a display, camera or an extra battery.

The phone itself can be swapped from malfunctioning modules or upgrades as innovations emerge, providing longer handset cycle lifetime, and potentially reducing electronic waste. Project Ara smartphone is scheduled to release a developer version in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2016 with a target bill of materials cost of $50 for a basic grey phone.A consumer version is not expected until at least 2017.

what are the main goals for Ara project?!

Google says the device is designed to be utilized by "6 billion people"; including 1 billion current smartphone users, 5 billion feature phone users, and 1 billion future users not currently connected. Google intends to sell a starter kit where the bill of materials is US$50 and includes a frame, display, battery, low-end CPU and WiFi. Google wants Project Ara to lower the entry barrier for phone hardware manufacturers so there could be "hundreds of thousands of developers" instead of the current handful of big manufacturers. This would be similar to how the Google Play Store is structured. Lowering the barrier for entry allows many more people to develop modules. Anyone will be able to build a module without requiring a license or paying a fee.

what are the features of Ara and what is the structure of it??!

Ara Smartphones are built using modules inserted into metal "endoskeletal" frames known as "endos". The frame will be the only component in an Ara Smartphone made by Google. It acts as the switch to the on-device network linking all the modules together. Two frame sizes will be available at first: "mini", a frame about the size of a Nokia 3310 and "medium", about the size of a LG Nexus 5. In the future, a "large" frame about the size of a Samsung Galaxy Note 3 will be available. Frames have slots on the front for the display and other modules. On the back are additional slots for modules. Each frame is expected to cost around US$15. The data from the modules can be transferred at up to 10gigabits/sec per connection. The 2×2 modules have two connections and will allow up to 20gigabits/sec. This is to defer its obsolescence as long as possible.

Modules can provide common smartphone features, such as cameras and speakers, but can also provide more specialized features, such as medical devices, receipt printers, laser pointers, pico projectors, night vision sensors, or game controller buttons. Each slot on the frame will accept any module of the correct size. The front slots are of various heights and take up the whole width of the frame. The rear slots come in standard sizes of 1×1, 1×2 and 2×2. Modules can be hot-swapped without turning the phone off. The frame also includes a small backup battery so the main battery can be hot-swapped. Modules were originally to be secured with electropermanent magnets, but according to the team a new, better solution has been developed. The enclosures of the modules were planned to be 3D-printed, but due to the lack of development in the technology Google opted instead for a customizable molded case. Modules will be available both at an official Google store and at third-party stores. Ara Smartphones will only accept official modules by default, but users can change a software setting to enable unofficial modules. This is similar to how Android handles app installations.

When will it be released??!

No one knows exactly ,but we expect on 2017 it will be released

DEEP WEB?!!

I am pretty sure that every one from us have heard about the deep web, and some of us may had his story in the deep web
But is it really a spooky place where murders and drug dealers can be found?!! i mean is it real in the first place??!!
well actually it is real and yes you can find drugs and hitmen almost over every website on the deep web.
sometimes the deep web is not really spooky or bad a lot as the people says or ?!. Well yes sometimes....but the deep web is like
onions, yes onions.The deep web have layers, the more deep you dig, the more spooky things will show up.
But sometimes it is not spooky at all, i mean where are the killing videos that my friends told me about.Well there is
no such things, it is just online shops that wants to sell or do illegal things and doesn't want to be caught.
That is not as cool as you thought, is it?!!. well let's talk about the deep web a little to correct our thoughts a little.
The deep web, invisible web,or hidden web are parts of the World Wide Web whose contents are not indexed by standard search engines
for any reason. The deep web is opposite to the surface web.
The deep web includes many very common uses such as web mail, online banking but also paid for services with a paywall such as video on demand, and many more.

 1-What are the content types of Deep Web?!

1.Contextual Web: pages with content varying for different access contexts (e.g., ranges of client IP addresses or previous navigation sequence).
2.Dynamic content: dynamic pages which are returned in response to a submitted query or accessed only through a form,
especially if open-domain input elements (such as text fields) are used; such fields are hard to navigate without domain knowledge.
3.Limited access content: sites that limit access to their pages in a technical way (e.g., using the Robots Exclusion Standard or CAPTCHAs,
or no-store directive which prohibit search engines from browsing them and creating cached copies)
4.Non-HTML/text content: textual content encoded in multimedia (image or video) files or specific file formats not handled by search engines.
5.Private Web: sites that require registration and login (password-protected resources).
6.Scripted content: pages that are only accessible through links produced by JavaScript as well as content dynamically downloaded from Web servers via Flash or Ajax solutions.
7.Software: certain content is intentionally hidden from the regular Internet, accessible only with special software, such as Tor, I2P,
or other dark-net software. For example, Tor allows users to access websites using the .onion server address anonymously, hiding their IP address.
8.Unlinked content: pages which are not linked to by other pages, which may prevent web crawling programs from accessing the content.
This content is referred to as pages without back-links (also known as in-links). Also, search engines do not always detect all back-links from searched web pages.
9.Web archives: Web archival services such as the Way back Machine enable users to see archived versions of web pages across time,
including websites which have become inaccessible, and are not indexed by search engines such as Google.

2-How big the deep web is?!!

It is impossible to measure, and harsh to put estimates on, the size of the deep web because the majority of the information is hidden or locked inside databases.
Early estimates suggested that the deep web is 400 to 550 times larger than the surface web. However, since more information and sites are always being added,
it can be assumed that the deep web is growing exponentially at a rate that cannot be quantified.

Estimates based on extrapolations from a study done at University of California, Berkeley in 2001 speculate that the deep web consists of about 7.5 petabytes.
More accurate estimates are available for the number of resources in the deep web: research of He et al. detected around 300,000 deep web sites in the entire
web in 2004, and, according to Shestakov, around 14,000 deep web sites existed in the Russian part of the Web in 2006
And there are some theories says that the Deep web is 500 times bigger than the normal web

3-What could be found on the deep web?!!

Lots of illegal things such as Drugs, Weapons, Stolen id-cards, Fake passports, Stolen credit-cards, Hitmen, Hackers,
Hacked premium accounts for some websites, etc...

4-Is it illegal to surf the deep web?!!

YES IT IS SOMETIMES
What do you mean by "sometimes"??!!
It is not illegal to just "browse" the dark web(deep web) alone, in theory, unless you're looking at sites that host illegal content (e.g. child pornography, human trafficking sites).
If you do it repeatedly, of course, then it is. And since the deep web is illegal shops, then surfing it is illegal

5-How can i surf the deep web?!!

well at first you have to use a special browser for this thing such as Tor browser,
and with this browser you have to search for the hidden wiki and from there, you have to use
other search engines such as Grams. But believe me it is not a good idea and it is not as cool as you think
I am not responsible about anything that can happen to you because of this topic. It is just for educational purposes

6-What could happen to me if i surfed the deep web?!!

• you might get caught by FBI.
• you might get hacked and stolen
• you might get known to people whom you don't really want to be with them
• you might have a bad social experience so the deep web may worsen your mental situation
• you might see things that you don't want to see

7-How can i protect my self from the bad guys on the deep web?!!

Unless you are a professional hacker, YOU CAN NOT the people out there are really dangerous and know what they are doing so don't play games with them and try to avoid any contact with them

8-Is there any good websites on the deep web or it is all about drugs and illegal things?!!

You can find some good websites for selling things for bitcoins ex:"a website to sell your Photoshop designs for bitcoins".

9-Is there anything else i have to know about deep web?!!

Yes

• It is not as cool as you think.
• It can be dangerous
• YOU CAN NOT TRUST ANYONE ON THE DEEP WEB
• The people there are really strong and can know everything about you even with hidden ip
• Downloading things from the dark web can be very risky
• It can cause you lots of problems

and that's it

In Conclusion

the dark web is a place to do things anonymously, most likely the deep web is used for illegal activities,
and it is not very spooky on the upper layer but it can be dangerous on the deeper layers.

Programming languages

Which programming language should i learn at first???!!!!

As soon as you discover that you want to learn a programming language.... a question comes to your mind
"with which language should i start??!!!"
well that is obvious because there is more than 20 used programming language in the programming field
i mean should i learn C or java or maybe python

Let's talk a little about programming language so you can decide on your own

1- C,C++

I started with C,C++ because it was and still the most used and effective programming language in the computers world
it was made by Dennis Ritchie for general-purposes (for software and hardware).

Throughout C++'s life, its development and evolution has been informally governed by a set of rules that its evolution should follow:

1. It must be driven by actual problems and its features should be useful immediately in real world programs.
2. Every feature should be implementable (with a reasonably obvious way to do so).
3. Programmers should be free to pick their own programming style, and that style should be fully supported by C++.
4. Allowing a useful feature is more important than preventing every possible misuse of C++.
5. It should provide facilities for organizing programs into well-defined separate parts, and provide facilities for combining separately developed parts.
6. No implicit violations of the type system (but allow explicit violations; that is, those explicitly requested by the programmer).
7. User-created types need to have the same support and performance as built-in types.
8. Unused features should not negatively impact created executable (e.g. in lower performance).
9. There should be no language beneath C++ (except assembly language).
10. C++ should work alongside other existing programming languages, rather than fostering its own separate and incompatible programming environment.
11. If the programmer's intent is unknown, allow the programmer to specify it by providing manual control.

why should i learn C++??!!!

Workplace :
any project where performance is a constraint will likely use C++. Even all the parallel programming languages/techniques (Cuda, MPI, etc)
rely on your knowledge of C++ (pointer, dereferencing, arithmetic, etc) to accomplish a task.
In the field of computer architecture, for instance, every famous simulator out there is written in C++.
Embedded systems (an area that keeps growing) is highly biased towards C. Operating Systems, Computer Networks, Graphics.. yeap, most projects are coded in C++.

Interviewing :
Most programming interview questions are meant to be written in C++ given they often focus on Linked list, BST, Heaps.
Although you can code all these in other languages, doing pointer arithmetic in C++ is highly beneficial
and many interviewers explicitly ask you to program it in C/C++.

In general :
there is absolutely no other language more worthwhile learning than C/C++ (even though it might not be BEST language).
Every field has its preferred language (web-> PHP, database->mySQL, scripting->Perl,Python, Computational->matlab, etc)
but in general you just can't go wrong with C++.

Is C++ hard to learn??!!!

Well yes it is, but let's think about the benefits of learning it, you can use for whatever you want (hardware or software),
if you learned C++, you will definitely have job in computers field, if you understood C++, all other programming languages
will be easy to learn, and C++ is not going to be old, i mean C++ can't be ignored even after several of years

What was made using C or C++ ??!!!

Almost everything you know, even some of programming languages are based on C++, Linux is based 100% on C++, 90% of windows programs, Robots programming is done
using C or objective C, video Games, a lot of operating systems, and a lot a lot of what you are using deily

why C++??!!!

C,C++ are very fixable language; a program programmed by c++ can be done in several ways so you don't have to follow a theory or a method
you can just invent your way and that what makes a lot of fun for the programmers

2- Java

Java is a general-purpose, concurrent, class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to minimize implementation dependencies.
It relies on a Java virtual machine to be secure and highly portable. It is bundled with an extensive library designed to provide
a full abstraction of the underlying platform. Java is a statically typed object-oriented language that uses a syntax similar to C++, but incompatible.
It includes a documentation system called Java-doc.

There were five primary goals in the creation of the Java language:


1- It must be "simple, object-oriented, and familiar".
2- It must be "robust and secure".
3- It must be "architecture-neutral and portable".
4- It must execute with "high performance".
5- It must be "interpreted, threaded, and dynamic".

why should i learn Java??!!!

. Lots of information

That said, each language has its strong and weak points. In my opinion, a great language to have an understanding of is Java. It can be summed up into one, simple sentence: Java is a mature language. This leads to:
Due to how long Java has been around, almost any question you can imagine has already been asked, answered, indexed, and democratically perfected through up votes on the Internet. It is seriously hard to stump a search engine with a Java coding problem.

. An incredible toolset

Java has a very rich API, and an incredible supporting open source ecosystem. There are tools upon tools for just about everything you would like to do. There is also an amazing community driven process that ensures growth in the right direction

. Software that leads by example

Java is an Object Oriented language. It internally embraces best practices of object oriented design and strongly suggests that you learn and follow them. It also heavily promotes correct usage and many of the documented Design Patterns use Java as the language. Understanding design patterns can lead to much more maintainable code.

. Killer editors

The IDEs available for Java will blow your mind. Due to its strong typing, you will not only be notified immediately of errors, but you will also be given suggestions that will refactor and reformat your code with clear explanations and extreme ease. After using them, most people wonder how they ever coded before.

. Omnipresence

Java is running just about everywhere you can imagine. It is usually where most large applications end up due to its scalability, stability, and maintainability. There is also currently a gigantic push in the Java community to be the leader of the IoT (Internet of Things). And it is coming. Very fast. There will be a time in the near future when your alarm clock will automatically start brewing your coffee pot, and it will most likely be Java doing that.

. Lots of available jobs

There are tons of open positions waiting for you due to Java is widespread reach. Many different sectors embrace the language, and you can be pretty certain you will land a job in just about any job market you like.

. Android adoption

All  Android Development track, you can publish that app you have always dreamed of building.
d Apps are written in Java. By taking our

. Ease of learning

Java is a verbose language, which at first can seem daunting. However, after learning the basics you will find that you can easily grab onto more advanced concepts because the code is very explicit. Plus, there are great courses (wink, wink, nudge, nudge) out there that can ease you into this powerful language.
So what are you waiting for?  It is time to learn Java.

Is Java hard to learn??!!!

well not as hard as C++ learning but it is a little bit special. BUT anyone with no skills can learn it easily

what was made using java??!!!

The famous OS Android, video games, and lots of programs

why Java??!!!

java is getting very popular and useful every day

3- Python

Python is a widely used high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax
allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than possible in languages such as C++ or Java.
The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale
The core philosophy of the language is summarized by the document The Zen of Python (PEP 20), which includes aphorisms such as:
.Beautiful is better than ugly
.Explicit is better than implicit
.Simple is better than complex
.Complex is better than complicated
.Readability counts

why should i learn python??!!!

1. Easy-to-Learn

Let us face it. Learning a programming language doesn't sound as exciting as a break dance competition on an aircraft carrier. Luckily, Python was designed with the newcomer in mind. Python reads like kindergarten math and is easy on the layman's eye. The use of white space and common expressions has eliminated the need for tedious variable declarations and unattractive curly brackets. Python also requires less code to complete basic tasks, making it an economical language to learn. Python code is often 3-5 times shorter than Java, and 5-10 times shorter than C++. But while Python is easy to learn in itself, we all know the peril of studying alone and unprepared. Homer Simpson did that in college and look where it got him. Fortunately, the Python community has amassed an ample collection of resources to keep you safe and productive.

The famous comedy troupe Monty Python also inspired the name of the Python programming language.

2. Your Stepping Stone

Python can be your stepping stone into the programming universe. Employers are looking for fully stacked programmers and Python will help you get there. Python is an object-oriented language, just like JavaScript, C++, C#, Perl, Ruby, and other key programming languages. For people planning to become software developers, learning this type of programming in one area will help you adapt easily in other environments.
Specifically, a working knowledge of Python can be a solid foundation because Python is methodologies can be used in a broad range of applications. For example, Python is inherent organization and architecture can act as your Rosetta Stone when trying to decipher more cryptic programming languages. Here is a brief comparison of Python with two other languages: Ruby and PHP. Ruby has a similar structure to Python while PHP has a very different syntax.
Without prior programming experience, anyone can easily detect the similarities and differences between Python is syntax and those of other languages. Either way, a basic understanding of Python makes jumping into Ruby a breeze, while deciphering a PHP code becomes an easier task. Once you learn the Zen of Python you can use it to help you succeed in crafting code in any language.

3. How About Some Raspberry Pi?

Making programming fun is no easy task, whether your students are;beginners, seasoned veterans, or children. Heck, even the most enthusiastic teachers struggle to get anyone excited about writing code. But miracles do happen once in a while: bridging the gap between abstract computing and real world applications is now as easy as Pi.

4. Money Money Money

If designing a talking skull that sings random tweets from Gary Busey using Python and Raspberry Pi isn't a big enough incentive, then how about the prospect of having a much fatter wallet? Companies such as Google, Yahoo!, Disney, Nokia, and IBM all use Python. In fact, among programming languages,Python had the largest year-on-year job demand growth  at 19%  as of March 2013.Notably, the overall hiring demand for IT professionals dipped year over year by 5% as of January 2014, except for Python programmers which increased by 8.7%. In New York, Python developers ranked #8 of the most in-demand tech workers, making an average of $106k/year. On the other side of the Atlantic, Python programmers also enjoy a strongly rising demand for their skills .

5. It Works Online Too

Web development is still a booming economic prospect for programmers. With Python's vast capabilities, you too can have a piece of the action. Django is the popular open source web application framework written in Python is the foundation of such sites as Pinterest, The New York Times, The Guardian, Bit Bucket, and Instagram. Django is a complete framework that takes the complexity out of web development while still giving you control over as much as you want. As an open-source framework, all the information you need to get started can be found at DjangoProject.com.

Is python hard to learn??!!!

Not at all, it is very easy and can do a lot but the problem is that with python there is only one way to do something
so it is not really a fixable language like java or c++ but still can do it

why python??!!!

easy and useful. so simple as the answer

4- Ruby

Matsumoto has said that Ruby is designed for programmer productivity and fun, following the principles of good user interface design. At a Google Tech Talk in 2008 Matsumoto further stated, "I hope to see Ruby help every programmer in the world to be productive, and to enjoy programming, and to be happy. That is the primary purpose of Ruby language." He stresses that systems design needs to emphasize human, rather than computer, needs:[64] Often people, especially computer engineers, focus on the machines. They think, "By doing this, the machine will run fast. By doing this, the machine will run more effectively. By doing this, the machine will something something something." They are focusing on machines. But in fact we need to focus on humans, on how humans care about doing programming or operating the application of the machines. We are the masters. They are the slaves. Ruby is said to follow the principle of least astonishment (POLA), meaning that the language should behave in such a way as to minimize confusion for experienced users. Matsumoto has said his primary design goal was to make a language that he himself enjoyed using, by minimizing programmer work and possible confusion. He has said that he had not applied the principle of least astonishment to the design of Ruby, but nevertheless the phrase has come to be closely associated with the Ruby programming language. The phrase has itself been a source of surprise, as novice users may take it to mean that Ruby's behaviors try to closely match behaviors familiar from other languages. In a May 2005 discussion on the newsgroup comp.lang.ruby, Matsumoto attempted to distance Ruby from POLA, explaining that because any design choice will be surprising to someone, he uses a personal standard in evaluating surprise. If that personal standard remains consistent, there would be few surprises for those familiar with the standard. Matsumoto defined it this way in an interview: Everyone has an individual background. Someone may come from Python, someone else may come from Perl, and they may be surprised by different aspects of the language. Then they come up to me and say, 'I was surprised by this feature of the language, so Ruby violates the principle of least surprise.' Wait. Wait. The principle of least surprise is not for you only. The principle of least surprise means principle of least my surprise. And it means the principle of least surprise after you learn Ruby very well. For example, I was a C++ programmer before I started designing Ruby. I programmed in C++ exclusively for two or three years. And after two years of C++ programming, it still surprises me

why should i learn Ruby??!!!

1.You'll enjoy it. You can get a lot of functionality with small amounts of code, compared to other languages. Lots of automation.

2. You'll get to see a working prototype really fast. It's one of Ruby's perks - creating minimum viable products.

3. There's a really involved community. Sort of like a cult around Ruby and by the looks of it, it's only going to grow even more and the language is going to get even more popular.

4. Ruby / Rails developers are highly sought after, as it become more and more popular. Average salaries are also higher, compared to other languages. Being a polyglot, you would be even more competitive on the market

5. if you want to learn things in the security field then Ruby will help you a lot.

Is Ruby hard to learn??!!!

when you want to learn just as a programming language it will be easy but if you want to dig deep into it's details, it becomes very hard

why Ruby??!!!

It is very important for the security work and it is very used in hyper-security companies, it is a little bit easy, and it makes fun

5- HTML+CSS+Javascript

I know what you are thinking about right now, i mean why 3 languages together and they are not even programming languages right?!
yes i know but according to the languages popularity, we had to mention this languages but all together because one of them want be able to stand alone
so if you want to learn html, learn css and js with it to complete your pack

why should i learn HTML??!!!

1. Better business communications




Today's businesses are increasingly doing their work online, using a web browser for everything from mail and calendar apps to maintaining project and team notes on intranet sites.
Most wiki frameworks used for business content have a modified, simplified markup language they use by default. But most also accept properly formed HTML formatting, which affords you many more publishing options. Why settle for the minimum?

2. Make updates yourself

If you regularly need areas of your company's website updated and haven't looked into learning a little HTML, you really should. Most minor updates are simple to perform with basic knowledge of HTML and web standards. There's no need to pay a designer to do something you could do as easily as updating a Word document.

3. Visual web tools complicate things

Visual HTML-building tools like Dreamweaver, Muse, Hype, and others can make web design easier. But in most cases they're also generating code that you can easily write yourself, in raw HTML.
And should you need to work outside the box to build something in a way your software doesn't support, you're on your own. The lure of visual web tools can distract you from learning a little HTML; you might find what you need to do is far easier than you expected.

4. Better blogging

Do you blog regularly? Then you owe it to yourself to learn HTML. Sure, you can find visual buttons and toolbars for formatting your text in most modern blog applications, but learning a smidge of HTML coding and perhaps a little CSS and JavaScript will bring far more power to your fingertips than your blogging software could ever provide.
It takes a single line of HTML code to insert movies and media into your posts with confidence, not to mention tackling custom layouts, animated elements, and more.
Customizing your blog's widgets and plug-ins is also far easier with a good understanding of HTML and CSS under your belt.

5. Streamline your life

Knowing HTML can also help out in our day-to-day lives.
It is common knowledge that eBay auctions with visually rich HTML-formatted descriptions usually sell better and faster than less compelling counterparts, so don't get left behind. Adding pizzazz to an Evite invitation, designing a beautiful email message, or freshening up the news on your community group's website are other tasks that only need a little HTML markup savvy to get the job done.
HTML is dead simple to learn (you just need a web browser and a text editor), and once you're comfortable with the basic HTML elements behind each web page, every page you visit becomes a living reference, too.

Is HTML hard to learn??!!!

it is as easy as driving i bicycle and with the other two languages it becomes a little bit serious but still fun,useful,and easy

what was made using html??!!!

Almost every website on the WEB

why html??!!!

It is easy and useful, and it gives you the feeling of success and excitement to learn programming languages

At the end it still depends on what are you looking for. is it just for fun, or for business, or just for having more knowledge about computers.

And by the way, if you are really serious about learning a programming language i will recommend C++. It is not for lazy people and it needs a lot of work and understanding abilities but it worth it.

DO NOT STOP LEARNING!!!

the best OS for Computers

What is the best OS for My Computer

well.... it is a kind of question that comes to mind everytime with the first problem that hits your computer after formating 

I mean ...... is it windows??? maybe linux???? or maybe i can buy a macbook so i don't have to suffer the junk files or the viruses.

Anyway..... today we will give you our advice and we will make a comparison between them

MAC			WINDOWS			LINUX
1 We all know how much a normal macbook can cost(a lot of money), even MAC programs can cost a lot so it is not a good idea for a lot of people			2 Well...believe it or not, windows products are not cheap but sometimes you can find cheap tools,programs, etc... but when it comes to OSs it can be expensive ex:according to "Amazon.com" 129$ for windows 10, 69-100$ for windows 7, etc... so it is not the best choice			3 we know that there are a lot of linux distribution available on the markets but in genral they are cheap compared to windows and mac ex:7$ for ubuntu according to "Amazon.com". And there are a lot of free or simi-free(1$-10$) applications for linux but there are a some of ultra-expensive apps ex:1000-3000$ for maltego			AT FIRST THE PRICE Did you put that in mind.....well because a lot of people doesn't do that
3 MAC is one of the most simple and easy operating system on the world this OS can help a lot of people whom does'nt really have skills with computers and it have very simple user interface so you do not need to dig a lot to have what you need			2 Also Windows is one of the easiest desktop operating systems to use. One of its primary design characteristics is user-friendliness and simplicity of basic system tasks. This is considered a positive by users who want their system to "just work", but more proficient users may be frustrated by oversimplification of system tasks at the expense of fine-grained control over the system itself			1 If you are not a computer-freak DO NOT think about it because linux frequently require a deeper understanding of the underlying system to perform day-to-day functions, and troubleshooting technical issues can be a more intimidating and complicated process than on Windows. However, some distributions such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint are designed specifically to ease the transition from Windows to a Linux environment.			Ease Of Use you have to know how to control your OS
3 for a normal user, mac is the best choice when it comes to the security question. That DO NOT means that there are no vulnerabilities but let's say that they are very hard to be discoverd and very hard to be used			1 Most of us have worked with windows. Actually most of us is working with windows so most of us had viruses, malwares, junk file, or spying problems that is not how we think or how it looks like. Microsoft has made great security improvements over the years. But as the operating system with the largest user base, especially among novice computer users, it is the primary target for malicious coders. As a result, of all major operating systems, Microsoft Windows is the most likely to be the victim of viruses and malware.			2 Linux is a highly secure operating system. Although attack vectors are still discovered, its source code is open and available for any user to review, which makes it easier to identify and repair vulnerabilities. but because of it's open-source code, it still a little able to be hacked, espcially when the user has no idea about security technics.			Security
2 mac is not th best choice for gamers Macs are more expensive than a desktop Windows PC, especially when you add on extra storage, memory or a faster GPU, and there’s a far smaller library of games that run natively on OS X, Apple’s desktop operating system, than you’ll find for Windows			3 More than 90% of worlds games are available for Windows.And With Xbox on Windows 10, gamers now have more ways to connect and play—games, friends, and achievements follow players across their Windows devices, etc..... i mean you can't be a gamer without windows			1 IF YOU ARE A GAMER DO NOT USE LINUX. WHY?!!! ok, well you can't play ultra-resolution games like WATCH DOGS 2 or NFS 2016 ,etc... actually sometimes you can't find normal-resolution games for linux. And beacuse of that you have to play tiny games like mariowell you can use an emulator but let's face it linux is not for gaming			Reason of USE 1 : GAMING
1 I gave MAC 1 beacuse even opening a command prompt on mac is a hard process, for programming MAC is good but programming processes or pentration testing are really special and sometimes hard, so as a programmer i don't recommend it for such things			2 windows is a good enviroment for beginners to learn proffisnioal things about computers.but windows is not an open-sorce OS so sometimes it is hard to learn new things and especially when it comes to customization and editing			3 using linux is learning, i mean linux is an open-sorce OS so costumization is not a problem.if you are a programmer or a hacker, using linux should be fun for you because you have to deal with the command line a lot And there are a lot of LINUX distribution which are made for pentration testing ex : Kali linux			Reason of USE 2 : programming, pentretion testing, network mapping or any proffisonal reason
3 for office and daily use MAC is the best choice for you. A very gentle and simple UI,Secure, and very fast for your business operationsIf you are a business man. buy a Macbook			2 Windows is not less important than MAC in the sort of daily using, but because of security, windows is not the best choice if you are a business manfor HOME windows is the best but for an office windows becomes the second choice			1 Linux is not really bad, but for daily using linux becomes a little uncomfortable because you have to deal with command line a lot and GUI is not very used in linux programs. usually you have to have a little deeperunderstanding ability in the computers field, to be able to use linux as your prime OS			Reason of USE 3 :Daily use and business

LINUX :11/18 points

WINDOWS:12/18 points

MAC:13/18 points

THE WINNER IS: MACINTOSH

but even though, your Decision should be taken depending on the causes of Use ; that means that you have to know what you need.

To be satisfied with your operating system you have to know what are you expecting it to do.

In Conclusion, no operating system is really better, the choice is up to you. If you're a gamer, then you have no choice, go for Windows. Programmers might prefer Linux and video/graphics producers will probably tend towards Mac. The best thing to do is probably to try each OS and see which is best for you!